Table 5 Longitudinal reinforcement stress (MPa).

Section

\( {\text{f}}_{\text{c}}^{ '} \)

Measured^a

Moment–curvature method

Measured^a

Measured^a

Ave.

(M-Φ)^b

Ave.

(M-Φ)^c

Ave.

\( \frac{{{\text{f}}_{s} }}{{\root{{}} \of {{\frac{{{\text{f}}_{\text{c(test)}}^{ '} }}{{{\text{f}}_{\text{c(design)}}^{ '} }}}}}} \)

\( \frac{{{\text{f}}_{\text{s}} }}{{\root{ 4} \of {{\frac{{{\text{f}}_{\text{c(test)}}^{ '} }}{{{\text{f}}_{\text{c(design)}}^{ '} }}}}}} \)