Recycled Concrete Aggregates: A Review

International Journal of Concrete Structures and Materials

Table 1 Acceptance criteria regarding recycled concrete aggregates.

Country or standard	Recycled aggregate type	Oven-dry density criterion (kg/m³)	Absorption ratio of aggregate criterion (%)
Australia (AS1141.6.2) (AS 1996)	Class 1A	≥2,100	≤6
Australia (AS1141.6.2) (AS 1996)	Class 1B	≥1,800	≤8
Germany (DIN 4226-100) (DIN 2002)	Type 1	≥2,000	≤10
	Type 2	≥2,000	≤15
	Type 3	≥1,800	≤20
	Type 4	≥1,500	No limit
Hong Kong (Works Bureau of Hong Kong 2002)	–	≥2,000	≤10
Japan (JIS A 5021, 5022 and 5023) (JIS 2011, 2012a, b)	Coarse—Class H	≥2,500	≤3
	Fine—Class H	≥2,500	≤3.5
	Coarse—Class M	≥2,300	≤5
	Fine—Class M	≥2,200	≤7
	Coarse—Class L	No limit	≤7
	Fine—Class L	No limit	≤13
Korea (KS F 2573) (KS 2002)	Coarse	≥2,500	≤3
Korea (KS F 2573) (KS 2002)	Fine	≥2,200	≤5
RILEM (1994)	Type 1	≥1,500	≤20
	Type 2	≥2,000	≤10
	Type 3	≥2,500	≤3
Spain (EHE 2000)	–	≥2,000	≤5

Australia (AS 1996): Class 1A well graded RCA with no more than 0.5 % brick content; Class 1B Class 1A RCA blended with no more than 30 % crushed brick.
Germany (DIN 2002): Type 1 concrete chippings + crusher sand; Type 2 construction chippings + crusher sand; Type 3 masonry chippings + crusher sand; Type 4 mixed chippings + crusher sand.
Japan (JIS 2011): Class H no limitations are put on the type and segment for concrete and structures with a nominal strength of 45 MPa or less; Class M members not subjected to drying or freezing-and-thawing action, such as piles, underground beam, and concrete filled steel tubes; Class L backfill concrete, blinding concrete, and concrete filled in steel tubes.
RILEM (1994): Type 1 aggregates from masonry rubble, Type 2 aggregates from concrete rubble; Type 3 mixture of natural (min 80 %) and recycled (max 20 %) aggregate.