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Table 3 Criteria of RCA replacement ratio for production of structural concrete.

From: Recycled Concrete Aggregates: A Review

 

Exposure classa or aggregate

Type 1b (%)

Type 2b (%)

DAfStb (1998)—Germany

X0 [coarse]

≤45

≤35

XC1 to XC4 [coarse]

≤45

≤35

XF1 and XF3 [coarse]

≤35

≤25

XA1 [coarse]

≤25

≤25

[Fine]

Not allowed

  

Type 1 c

Type 2 c

Type 3 c

RILEM (1994)

 Coarse (≥4 mm)

≤100 %

≤100 %

≤20 %

 Fine (<4 mm)

Not allowed

NEN 5950:1995 (VBT 1995)—Netherlands (NEN 5950:1995 nl 1995)

 Coarse

≤20 %

 Fine

≤20 %

CRIC (2004)—Belgium

 Coarse

≤100 %

 Fine

Allowed with restriction

DS 481 (1998)—Denmark

 Coarse

≤100 %

 Fine

≤20 %

BS EN 12620:2002+A1 (BS 2002)—UK

 Coarse

≤20 %

 Fine

Not allowed

  1. aAccording to EN 1992-1-1:2004: E (Eurocode 2 2004) or DIN EN 206-1 (DIN 2001) and DIN 1045-2 (DIN 2008); X0: No risk of corrosion or attack, very dry; XC1 to XC4: carbonation, dry to permanently wet; XF1 and XF3: freeze/thaw attack, moderate to high water saturation; XA1: chemical attack, slightly aggressive.
  2. bType 1 concrete chippings + crusher sand, Type 2 construction chippings + crusher sand.
  3. cRILEM: Type 1 aggregates from masonry rubble, Type 2 aggregates from concrete rubble; Type 3 mixture of natural (min 80 %) and recycled (max 20 %) aggregate.