Table 1 Physical and chemical properties of the cement used in this study.

Fineness (80 μm)

8.5 %

<10 %

Specific surface (m²/kg)

355

300–450

Setting time (min)

Initial

113

>90

 Final

389

<600

Compressive strength (MPa)

 3 days

17.4

>16.0

 28 days

44

>42.5

 Specific gravity (kg/m³)

3.20

–

 Standard consistency water requirement

28 %

<30 %

 C₃A

3.2 %

<9.0 %

 C₄AF

7.1 %

<12.0 %

 MgO

2.2 %

<6.0 %

 Na₂O + 0.658K₂O

0.12 %

<0.6 %