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Table 7 Elastic modulus database.

From: Mix Design and Properties of Recycled Aggregate Concretes: Applicability of Eurocode 2

Author

Nature of aggregates

Test conditions

Compressive strength (MPa)

Elastic modulus (MPa)

Ali et al. (1990)

Natural

Not communicated

16.7

13,820

25.3

19,980

27.7

23,530

32.0

33,980

43.5

44,550

Assié (2004)

Natural

Stress rate 0.5 MPa/s

22.6

28,400

40.6

36,400

55.1

38,200

69.2

36,100

Belén et al. (2011)

Natural

Controlled load rate 8.77 kN/s

44.81

34,374

31.92

30,645

80 % natural + 20 % recycled

43.74

33,192

31.71

29,598

50 % natural + 50 % recycled

37.45

30,321

32.35

27,459

Recycled

40.54

24,817

30.13

25,935

El-Hilali (2009)

Natural

Stress rate 0.5 MPa/s

35.12

25,130

42.12

32,660

56.46

34,660

60.84

37,660

61.00

38,660

77.95

48,850

31.26

27,260

38.18

33,660

53.46

35,660

59.31

39,660

60.52

40,330

75.21

51,260

30.32

29,800

36.68

35,330

52.56

36,660

55.72

40,330

57.51

41,660

71.95

53,230

Casuccio et al. (2008)

Natural

Stress rate

18.10

27,100

37.50

33,100

48.40

39,900

Recycled

18.00

23,400

36.40

28,800

44.40

34,200

Recycled

15.40

22,600

35.70

28,300

43.80

32,700

Cedolin and Cusatis (2008)

Natural

Not communicated

28.50

24,200

33.70

32,680

49.60

28,690

54.80

28,600

Wee et al. (1996)

Natural

Strain rate 0.07 mm/min

42.7

37,600

63.2

41,800

70.2

43,000

65.1

41,500

70.5

40,400

69.7

41,500

71.5

41,400

63.6

42,600

85.9

45,000

90.2

44,400

78.3

44,300

85.9

44,300

81.2

43,900

88.1

44,500

81.6

43,800

82.6

44,200

84.8

47,200

85.6

45,600

96.2

46,600

46.4

35,200

65.8

40,800

73.9

41,600

87.6

44,500

93.1

45,400

95.3

45,200

100.6

45,800

102.1

46,100

102.8

46,700

106.3

48,400

104.2

46,300

92.8

45,800

94.6

47,300

94

46,300

96.6

46,500

91.5

45,900

93.6

47,100

91.7

46,000

119.9

49,100

125.6

50,900

Gesoglu et al. (2002)

Natural

 

77.2

47,100

71.5

48,000

66.5

46,800

70.7

47,300

61.8

45,400

68.9

47,600

59.1

40,900

62.2

45,400

75.8

43,000

67.7

48,200

53.6

46,200

57.9

44,500

92.9

46,400

94

48,300

97.7

47,000

102

48,800

93.7

50,500

86.2

47,100

87.9

43,000

82.7

45,400

79.1

44,700

85.3

45,000

86.9

46,100

90.7

48,100

89.5

47,600

87.8

45,400

90.3

45,000

95.2

50,800

92.2

50,000

97.6

49,300

87.5

48,500

87.2

41,100

80.4

43,200

86.5

44,200

83.9

44,300

80.9

44,600

84.5

45,300

85.7

45,100

Wu et al. (2001)

Natural

Not communicated

98.2

48,200

70.4

39,500

65.8

36,200

60.5

31,500

62.1

31,000

44.8

37,500

43.2

28,300

46.6

30,100

45.0

29,000

Shannag (2000)

Natural

 

68.0

38,500

77.0

47,200

86.0

43,800

86.0

42,300

89.5

38,600

90.5

36,200

Baalbaki et al. (1991)

Natural

 

105.0

42,000

106.0

44,000

111.0

41,000

99.3

45,000

99.7

42,000

95.3

40,000

98.0

40,000

103.0

40,000

90.8

42,000

89.2

41,000

Domingo-Cabo et al. (2009)

Natural

Not communicated

42.8

32,153

20 % recycled + 80 % natural

42.7

31,178

50 % recycled + 50 % natural

41.3

31,204

Recycled

41.8

31,589

Fares (2009)

Natural

Stress rate 0.5 MPa/s

36.6

36,110

52.7

39,000

40.8

43,930

Etxeberria et al. (2007)

Natural

UNE 83-304-84

29.0

32,561,7

25 % recycled + 75 % natural

28.0

31,300,4

50 % recycled + 50 % natural

29.0

28,591,7

Recycled

28.0

27,764

Evangelista and de Brito (2007)

Natural

NP EN 12390-5

59.3

35,500

30 % recycled + 70 % natural

57.1

34,200

Recycled

54.8

28,900

Gomez-Soberon (2002)

Natural

Not communicated

39.0

29,700

15 % recycled + 85 % natural

38.1

29,100

30 % recycled + 70 % natural

37.0

27,800

60 % recycled + 40 % natural

35.8

26,600

Recycled

34.5

26,700

Karihaloo et al. (2006)

Natural

Not communicated

55.0

36,900

60.0

38,300

100.0

43,000

Kim et al. (1997, 2004)

Natural

 

18.5

26,772

33.2

28,832

58.0

35,794

31.3

29,940

47.4

33,720

82.8

40,570

32.6

28,790

45.8

33,400

85.7

39,570

34.9

26,510

55.3

31,580

66.9

34,350

88.8

38,140

Martínez-Lage et al. (2012)

Natural

Controlled strain rate 16 µε/s

30.5

29,500

50 % recycled +50 % natural

26.8

24,190

Recycled

20.4

19,765

Zhao et al. (2008)

Natural

Not communicated

43.8

31,400

43.4

39,200

50.9

35,700

56.4

35,900

50.2

41,000

50.8

38,900

40.0

33,600

51.7

39,600

Dong and Keru (2001)

Natural

Not communicated

60.5

34,900

60.5

32,700

62.1

35,000

83.6

44,900

98.2

45,100

63.0

39,800

72.5

46,100

77.4

38,500

76.5

40,300

70.2

42,800

73.8

36,600

75.1

38,600

77.0

35,200

76.8

39,700

90.3

48,700

91.2

42,600

96.7

41,700

85.5

42,100

113.7

48,000

35.9

29,600

43.3

28,900

45.8

34,700

58.0

33,000

59.7

34,000

Wardeh et al. (2010)

Natural

Strain rate 1 mm/min

46.5

35,000

Praveen et al. (2004)

Natural

Not communicated

36.7

27,527

54.6

33,470

70.8

37,614

Shen et al. (2009)

Natural

Loading rate 10 kN/s

28.6

25,130

40.0

29,840

57.9

32,040

32.1

25,420

42.2

26,000

52.1

30,020

48.8

27,800

56.0

28,670

68.8

33,030

Kang et al. (2014)

Natural

ASTM C39/C39 M

65.4

37,700

15 % recycled + 85 % natural

59.4

36,200

30 % recycled + 70 % natural

48.4

32,800

Natural

38.6

29,200

15 % recycled + 85 % natural

32.7

29,200

30 % recycled + 70 % natural

31.7

26,500

50 % recycled + 50 % natural

29

25,300