Table 4 Analysis of precedence relationships among the activities.

Design activity

A

Concept design

1

–

A

Sketches/study models

2

1

A

Preliminary building design

3

1,2

S

Review of structural materials

4

3,34

M

Preliminary load calculation for M&E system

5

3

F

Preliminary load calculation for fire-protection system

6

3

S

Comparison of structural systems

7

3,4,10,35,36

M

Review of M&E systems

8

3,5

F

Review of evacuation routes and fire-protection systems

9

3,6

A

Preliminary architectural system design

10

3,7,8,9

A

Preliminary cost estimate

11

7,8,9,10,34

A

Detail planning and initial design development

12

10,11

S

Selection of structural materials

13

4,12

A

Facility space check

14

7,8,9,12,36,37

A

System design determination

15

10,12,13,14,41

S

Structural analysis and selection of preliminary structure

16

7,13,15,17,18,37,38,39,40

M

Preliminary capacity calculation and M&E systems selection

17

5,8,14,15,42,43

F

Evacuation simulation and fire-protection systems selection

18

6,9,14,15,44

A

Design development drawings

19

3,12,15,16,41

A

Plan for detail drawings

20

19

F

Capacity calculation sheet for fire-protection system

21

18,20,51,53

M

Load/capacity calculation sheet for mechanical system

22

8,17,20,45,50

M

Load/capacity calculation sheet for electrical system

23

8,17,20,46,50

S

Structural calculation sheet

24

16,20,47

A

Partial detail drawings

25

19,20,47,48

S

Structural drawings

26

16,19,24,25,47,52

M

Partial detail drawings for M&E system

27

17,19,22,23,45,46,50

F

Partial detail drawings for fire-protection system

28

18,19,20,21,51

A

Review of standardizations

29

25,26,27,28,53

A

Final drawings

30

26,27,28

A

Final specifications

31

29,30,55

A

Final cost estimate

32

29,30,54,55

A

Documentation

33

30,32

Constructability activity

A

Discussions about separation plan

34

3,4

S

Comparison of alternatives for core construction

35

3,4

S

Comparison of surveying plans

36

3,4,35

S

Selection of core construction method

37

12,13,35

S

Comparison of alternatives for structural framework

38

12,13,37,39

A

Comparison of lifting equipment and pumping plans

39

12,13,14,37,38

S

Selection of surveying method and locations

40

16,36,37,38

A

Alternatives review of separation plan

41

12,15,34

M

Comparison of alternatives for water supply

42

17

M

Comparison of alternatives for electricity and lighting

43

17

F

Review of evacuation floors and routes

44

18

M

Selection of water supply plan

45

17,19,42

M

Selection of electric power supply and lighting plan

46

17,19,43

S

Construction method selection for structural framework

47

19,38,48,49

A

Selection of lifting equipment and pumping plan

48

20,39,47,49

A

Plan for vertical resource-transportation route

49

19,47,48

M/F

Space zoning for security and ventilation systems

50

17,19

F

Selection of evacuation plan

51

18,19,44

S

Facade protection plan

52

25,47

F

Standardization and fire protection for temporary facilities

53

54

A

Selection of optimal separation plan

54

19,41

A

Plan for material-handling machinery

55

30,47,49,52