Table 4 Seven-steps enable an estimate of the extent of plasticity within the equivalent bend radius of a hooked end fibre.

Step 1 (\( \rho_{R} \))

39.2

57.95

62

Step 2 (\( {\text{y}} \))

0.40

0.74

0.98

Step 3 (\( x \))

0.74

0.60

0.56

Step 4 (\( \theta_{e} \))

15.07

23.57

26.10

Step 5 (\( {\text{R}} \))

0.67

0.50

0.45

Step 6 (\( h \))

0.33

0.27

0.25

Step 7 (\( M_{ep} \))

108

117

140