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Table 1 Analysis of existing research.

From: A Study on the Drying Shrinkage and Mechanical Properties of Fiber Reinforced Cement Composites Using Cellulose Nanocrystals

Authors

Synopsis

Cao et al. (2016)

In this paper, the method of dispersing CNC agglomerates using ultrasonic wave was used to improve the cement paste strength up to 50%. These results show that the improvement of the strength of raw CNC (20–30%) in the previous study shows that the dispersion of CNC is a key to improving the flexural strength of cement paste

Mazlan et al. (2016)

In this study, the relationship between the density of cement mortar and the ultrasound velocity (UPV) was studied after the addition of CNC additives as a positive development of compressive strength. The formation of calcium-silicate-hydrate (CSH) gel at a CNC concentration of 0.2% improved, thus improving the strength of up to 42–45% cement composites

Fu et al. (2017)

This work examines the influence of various raw material sources and processing techniques used to make CNCs. In total, nine different CNCs were investigated with pastes made using Type I/II and Type V cements. Isothermal calorimetry (IC), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), and ball-on-three-ball (B3B) tests were conducted to quantify the performance of the CNC-cement composites. Experimental results showed that the increase in total heat release was greater in Type V than in Type I/II cements, and the intensity increased by 20%

Kim et al. (2006)

The application properties of synthetic fibers for controlling early cracks in concrete were investigated. This study applied polypropylene, cellulose, and nylon fibers. Reduction of crack length and area was observed after fiber incorporation

Kim and Yoon (2016)

The mechanical and self-shrinkage properties of cement

Composites were investigated. Tensile and flexural strengths respectively improved by 49.7% and 38.8%. The degree of self-shrinkage decreased to 18.9% after 1 day, and to 5.9% 28 days after nanocellulose incorporation

Peters et al. (2010)

This study was conducted to improve the toughness of reactive powder concrete using nanocellulose and microcellulose fibers. The addition of up to 3% micro- and nanofibers increased the fracture energy by more than 50% relative to the unreinforced material

Jiang et al. (2016)

The early-age self-shrinkage behavior of cement paste containing waste paper fibers under sealed conditions was investigated. The waste paper fiber reduced the self-shrinkage at additions of 0.2% by mass of cement. The waste paper fibers could enhance the self-curing efficiency of cement paste under a low water–cement ratio

Kim et al. (2014)

This paper investigated the behavior of inorganic resin, carbon fiber reinforced polymer (CFRP) composites and resin–concrete interfaces at temperatures ranging from 25 to 200 °C using CFRP. The properties of the inorganic resin showed a strong dependence on the curing time and were influenced by the degree of temperature exposure, and CFRP composites showed a decrease in strength and modulus as temperature increased. In addition, the inorganic resin showed higher thermal stability than the organic resin, but the stress transmission was insufficient and the strength was low