Table 2 Thermophysical parameters considered in the thermal analysis.

Density, \(\rho\) (kg/m³)

2240

Coefficient of thermal expansion, \(\alpha\) (1/K)

10⁻⁵

Thermal conductivity, \(k\) (W/mK)

2.5

Specific heat, \(c_{p}\) (J/kgK)

922

Film coefficient, concrete-air, \(h_{c}\) (W/m²K)

9

Film coefficient, concrete-formwork, \(h_{cs}\) (W/m²K)

1

Room temperature, \(T_{r}\) (°C)

27