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Table 4 Strain loss conditions of tested PC specimens.

From: Seismic Performance of Precast Concrete Columns with Improved U-type Reinforcement Ferrule Connections

Case

ZP1 (%)

ZP2 (%)

ZP3 (%)

ZP4 (%)

ZP5 (%)

ZP6 (%)

Cracking state

13.0

3

11.4

12.3

6.63

7.5

Yield state

26.7

8.4

16.6

20.6

11.5

12.4

Ultimate state

32.6

10.7

21.4

24.3

14.3

13.5

Cracking state-yield state

13.7

5.40

5.20

8.3

4.87

4.90

Cracking state-ultimate state

19.6

7.70

10.0

12.0

7.67

6.00