Table 3 Summary of experiments.

Pore structure

(mercury-intrusion porosimetry; MIP)

AutoPore IV9500,

Micromerities

1, 28

Surface tension : 485 dyn/cm, mercury (Hg) density : 13.534 g/mL

Hydration products

(X-ray diffraction; XRD)

Xpert3,

PANalytical

1, 28

5–60° (2θ), Cu-K radiation (k = 1.54443 Å), step size : 0.017 (2 θ)

Thermal analysis

(DSC)

SDT Q600,

TA Instruments

1, 28

30–800 °C, 20 °C/min, N₂ gas environment

Ultrasonic pulse velocity (UPV)

CCT-4,

Proceq

1, 28

Prismatic bar (40 × 40 × 160 mm)

Microstructure observation

(scanning electron microscope/backscattered electron images; SEM/BSE)

SUPRA 40,

Zeiss

1

Accelerating voltage : 15 kV, the high vacuum mode, energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS)