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Table 2 Summary of models used in study.

From: Challenges in Evaluating Seismic Collapse Risk for RC Buildings

Model

Beam–column element type

Description

FS02

Fiber section

Steel reinforcing bars are modeled using the “Steel02” material in OpenSees

FS02-M

Model FS02 described is enhanced with failure constraints

FHYS

Reinforcing bars are modeled using the “Hysteretic” material in OpenSees

FHYS-M

Failure constraints are added to the above-referenced FHYS model

SPR

Concentrated plasticity

The sectional response is simulated using rotational springs

SPR-M

Failure constraints are added to the rotational springs defined above