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Table 1 Railway tracks with PAC (Hagio, 2011).

From: Laboratory Investigation into the Flexural Behavior of Embedded Concrete Sleepers in Two-Stage Concrete with Preplaced Ballast Aggregate

Project title

Location of operation

Operation year

Operated track length (km)

Phase 1

Japan (Tabata-Shinjuku-Tamachi)

1998

35

Phase 2

Japan (Tabata-Tokyo-Tamachi)

2002

111

Phase 3

Japan (Tokyo metro)

2007

182

South Korea Urban Railway

2003

South Korea (Seoul metro)

2007

South Korea (Busan-Yangsan metro track 2)

2009