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Table 3 Main specifications of Firuzkuh sand (ACI304.1-R-92, 1997; http://taminmaseh.ir/Content/Content.aspx?PageCode=28810&mode=5).

From: Laboratory Investigation into the Flexural Behavior of Embedded Concrete Sleepers in Two-Stage Concrete with Preplaced Ballast Aggregate

Main chemical components (%)

SiO2

Al2O3

Fe2O3

CaO

Na2O

K2O

L.O.I

97.1

0.8

0.6

0.5

0.3

0.6

0.2

Sand type

Physical properties

Specific density (ton/m3)

Humidity (%)

Mohs hardness

D11

2.62

0.21

7

NO. 161

2.68

NO. 131

2.65

NO. 181

2.73