Table 1 Parameter setting.

GA, IGA

Mutation rate

0.33

Crossover rate

0.67

PSO, HPSO, PSODA

Inertia weight

2

Best global experience

2.2

Best personal experience

2.4

w-damp

0.98

Bat

Minimal and maximal values of the acoustic frequency (\([F_{\max } ,F_{\min } ]\))

[1,− 1]

Pulse intensity attenuation coefficient (\(\gamma\))

0.95

Pulse frequency increase factor (\(\delta\))

0.05

Maximum pulse frequency (\(R^{0}\))

0.75

Maximum pulse loudness (A)

0.25

BBO

Habitat modification probability

1

Immigration probability limits

[0,1]

Step size

1

Max immigration (I) and Max emigration (E)

1

Mutation probability

0.005