Ref | Treatment | Compressive strength (MPa @ Age (% to the Ref.)) | Effect on other properties | Recommended limit of LF slag application | Remarks |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Singh et al., (2015) | As-received LF slag | Not mentioned | Flowability—decreased | Not mentioned | Hydration behavior of the LF slag is similar to the cement |
Herrero et al., (2016) | As received | 15 @ 90 days (–1.87%) 14.6 @ 180 days (− 19.78%) 14.4 @ 360 days (− 20%) | Flexural strength—decreased | 10% | Much less pozzolanic activity |
Kim et al., (2015) | LF slag with MgO addition | 15.8 @ 2 days (− 7.2%) 32.4 @ 7 days (–10.5%) 45.8 @ 28 days (− 12.2%) | Workability—decreased | 30% | MgO addition improved the mechanical strength |
Murri et al., (2013) | Thermo-chemical activation | 27.5 @ 2 days (10%) 46.80 @ 28 days (4%) | Porosity—increased | 20% | Very low free lime in clinker |
Wang et al., (2011) | LF slag with nano-silica | Not mentioned | Amorphousness—increased at temperature more than 900 °C | 25% | LF slag application with nano-silica improves the hydration behavior |