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Table 7 LF slag application as a cementitious binder.

From: A Review on Sustainable Fabrication of Futuristic Cementitious Binders Based on Application of Waste Concrete Powder, Steel Slags, and Coal Bottom Ash

Ref

Treatment

Compressive strength

(MPa @ Age

(% to the Ref.))

Effect on other properties

Recommended limit of LF slag application

Remarks

Singh et al., (2015)

As-received LF slag

Not mentioned

Flowability—decreased

Not mentioned

Hydration behavior of the LF slag is similar to the cement

Herrero et al., (2016)

As received

15 @ 90 days (–1.87%)

14.6 @ 180 days (− 19.78%)

14.4 @ 360 days (− 20%)

Flexural strength—decreased

10%

Much less pozzolanic activity

Kim et al., (2015)

LF slag with MgO addition

15.8 @ 2 days (− 7.2%)

32.4 @ 7 days (–10.5%)

45.8 @ 28 days (− 12.2%)

Workability—decreased

30%

MgO addition improved the mechanical strength

Murri et al., (2013)

Thermo-chemical activation

27.5 @ 2 days (10%)

46.80 @ 28 days (4%)

Porosity—increased

20%

Very low free lime in clinker

Wang et al., (2011)

LF slag with nano-silica

Not mentioned

Amorphousness—increased at temperature more than 900 °C

25%

LF slag application with nano-silica improves the hydration behavior