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Table 8 Effects of CBA application on compressive strength.

From: A Review on Sustainable Fabrication of Futuristic Cementitious Binders Based on Application of Waste Concrete Powder, Steel Slags, and Coal Bottom Ash

Refs.

Compressive strength

(MPa @ Age

(% to the Ref.))

Effect on other properties

W/C

application type

Recommended amount of CBA

Remarks

Jaturapitakkul and Cheerarot (2003)

18.5 @ 3 (− 19%)

25.4 @ 7 (− 17%)

38.3 @ 28 (− 6%)

53.1 @ 90 (12%)

Water requirement—increased

0.68

Mortar

30% of OPC

W/c ratio is different from the reference to produce the same flow

Kurama and Kaya (2008)

28.2 @ 7 (1.5%)

40.2 @ 28 (− 1.6%)

45.1 @ 56 (5.7%)

Flexural strength—decreased

0.5

Mortar

10% of OPC

Carbon particles in CBA were removed by submerging in alcohol

Abdulmatin et al., (2018)

21.1 @ 3 (− 11%)

28.0 @ 7 (− 7%)

40.9 @ 28 (2%)

49.8 @ 90 (6%)

Setting time—decreased

Water demand-increased

0.65

Mortar

20% of OPC

Study on the effect of the fineness of CBA

Targan et al., (2003)

35.0 @ 7 (3%)

48.0 @ 28 (4.3%)

52.0 @ 90 (2.0%)

Setting time—increased

0.5

Mortar

10% of OPC

Natural pozzolan 5% of OPC

Wongkeo and Chaipanich (2010)

13.5 @ 7 (22.7%)

16.0 @ 28 (28%)

Permeable void—decreased

Thermal conductivity—increased

0.29

Mortar

30% of OPC

5% of silica fume; foamed mortar with aluminum powder

Singh and Siddique (2015)

@ 90 (12.3%)

@180 (2.2%)

Water absorption—increased

Abrasion resistance—decreased

0.45

Concrete

30% of sand

Compressive strength improvement due to pozzolanic reaction of CBA

Aggarwal and Siddique (2014)

19.4 @ 7 (− 24.3%)

31.8 @ 28 (-12.3%)

37.4 @ 90 (− 14.9%)

42.7 @ 1y (3.9%)

Flexural strength—decreased

0.55

Concrete

15% of sand

Late age compressive strength development due to pozzolanic behavior of CBA

Rafieizonooz et al., (2016)

16.3 @ 7 (− 18.6%)

26.3 @ 28 (− 15.1%)

35.1 @ 90 (0.2%)

Workability—decreased

Drying shrinkage—decreased

0.55

Mortar

50% of sand

CBA affects the compressive strength at later age

Hosseini et al., (2021)

65 @ 7 (− 33.7%)

Water demand—increased

0.34

Geopolymer

50% of Fly ash

CBA, fly ash, and sodium silicate were ground together for one-part mixing

Kumar and Revathi (2016)

35 @ 1 (700%)

57 @ 3 (612.5%)

60 @ 7 (215.8%)

75 @ 28(114.3%)

Not mentioned

0.48

Geopolymer mortar

50% of metakaolin

CBA was ground and its specific surface area was 3460 cm2/g