Table 3 Summary of failure modes of repaired columns.

Column 1-R (T/M = 0)

Premature failure related to the detailing of the longitudinal CFRP anchorage system, followed by fracture of two additional longitudinal reinforcing steel bars

Flexure dominant

Column 2-R (T/M = 0.2)

Rupture of CFRP (flexure), crushing of concrete in the repaired region

Column 3-R (T/M = 0.4)

Testing terminated due to limitations of the actuators

Column 4-R (T/M = 0.6)

Crushing of concrete in the unrepaired region (torsion) followed by CFRP rupture next to the unrepaired region

Torsion dominant

Column 5-R (T/M = ∞)

Rupture of CFRP, crushing of concrete (torsion)