Fig. 13
From: Effective Length of Reinforced Concrete Columns in Braced Frames
Effects of variables on strength ratios for load cases 5 and 6 (n = 1,520) calculated using K from Duan et al. equation with EI from ACI equation: a end eccentricity ratio (e/h); b column end moment ratio (M1/M2), c slenderness ratio (Kℓ/r); and with EI from nonlinear equation: d end eccentricity ratio (e/h); e column end moment ratio (M1/M2); f slenderness ratio (Kℓ/r).