Table 2 Material parameters (Samson and Marchand 2007; Nguyen 2007).

Moisture transport

\( {{\upalpha }} \)

–

3.82

\( {{\beta }} \)

–

0.47

m

–

1.40

\( {{\mu }}_{\text{w}} \)

Pa × s

1 × 10⁻³

K_w

m²

3 × 10⁻²¹

E_h

kJ/mol

30

\(\upepsilon\)

–

0.12

Heat transfer

\( {{\uplambda }}_{\text{ref}} \)

W/m K

2.46

C_p

J/kg C

1000

\( {{\rho }}_{0} \)

Kg/m³

2400

Chloride ingress

D_Cl,ref

m²/s

3 × 10⁻¹²

E_a

kJ/mol

35

\( {{\upalpha }}_{\text{i}} \)

m³ solution/m³ concrete

0.38

\( {{\beta }}_{\text{i}} \)

m³ solution/mol chloride

0.07

m_age

–

0.15

m_ion

–

0.50

k_ion

–

8.33