Table 1 The CSCM material parameters calibrated based on experimental data (Mousavi et al. 2016).
Parameters | Symbols | Values |
|---|---|---|
Shear surface constant term under compression | α | 14.2 MPa |
Shear surface exponent under compression | β 0 | 0.01929 MPa−1 |
Shear surface nonlinear term under compression | λ | 10.51 MPa |
Shear surface linear term under compression | θ | 0.2965 |
Shear surface constant term under tension | α 1 | 0.7473 |
Shear surface exponent under tension | β 1 | 7.25 × 10−2 MPa−1 |
Shear surface nonlinear term under tension | λ 1 | 0.17 |
Shear surface linear term under torsion | θ 1 | 1.204 × 10−3 MPa−1 |
Shear surface constant term under extension | α 2 | 0.66 |
Shear surface exponent under extension | β 2 | 7.25 × 10−2 MPa−1 |
Shear surface nonlinear term under extension | λ 2 | 0.16 |
Shear surface linear term under extension | θ 2 | 1.45 × 10−3 MPa−1 |
Fracture energy under compression | G c | 10 KPa.cm |
Fracture energy under tension | G T | 0.1 KPa.cm |
Fracture energy under shear | G s | 0.1 KPa.cm |
Maximum plastic volume compaction | W | 0.05 |
Maximum aggregate size | Agg. size | 16 mm |
Cap aspect ratio | R | 5 |
Softening parameter under compression | B | 10–500 |
Softening parameter under tension | D | 0.05–10 |
Hardening initiation | N H | 0.7 |
Hardening rate parameter | C H | 999 |
Initial cap location | X 0 | 90 MPa |
Cap linear shape parameter | D 1 | 2.5 × 10−4 MPa |
Cap quadratic shape parameter | D 2 | 3.5 × 10−7 MPa2 |