Shear Friction Characteristics and Modification Factor of Concrete Prepared Using Expanded Bottom Ash and Dredged Soil Granules

Yang, Keun-Hyeok; Lee, Kyung-Ho

doi:10.1186/s40069-019-0364-x

International Journal of Concrete Structures and Materials

Table 3 Summary of test results.

From: Shear Friction Characteristics and Modification Factor of Concrete Prepared Using Expanded Bottom Ash and Dredged Soil Granules

Series	Group	Specimen	\( R_{s} \) (%)	\( W/C \)	\( d_{a} \) (mm)	\( S_{i} \) (mm)	\( v_{A} \) (%)	\( \rho_{c} \) (kg/m³)	\( f_{c}^{'} \) (MPa)	\( \tau_{f} \) (1) (MPa)	\( \frac{{\tau_{f} }}{{\sqrt {f_{c}^{'} } }} \)	(\( \tau_{f} \))_Pre.			(\( \tau_{f} \))_Exp./(\( \tau_{f} \))_Pre.
Series	Group	Specimen	\( R_{s} \) (%)	\( W/C \)	\( d_{a} \) (mm)	\( S_{i} \) (mm)	\( v_{A} \) (%)	\( \rho_{c} \) (kg/m³)	\( f_{c}^{'} \) (MPa)	\( \tau_{f} \) (1) (MPa)	\( \frac{{\tau_{f} }}{{\sqrt {f_{c}^{'} } }} \)	(2)	(3)	(4)	(1)/(2)	(1)/(3)	(1)/(4)
I	L	L-0	0	0.52	19	230	5.8	1301	27.5	3.15	0.60	1.65	1.40	2.96	1.91	2.25	1.07
		L-25	25	0.54	19	250	4.0	1409	26.2	3.23	0.63	1.65	1.48	3.11	1.96	2.19	1.04
		L-50	50	0.55	19	245	5.0	1486	25.4	3.41	0.68	1.65	1.55	3.20	2.07	2.20	1.07
		L-75	75	0.57	19	255	4.0	1528	24.8	3.87	0.78	1.65	1.63	3.23	2.35	2.38	1.20
		L-100	100	0.58	19	250	6.2	1540	23.5	4.01	0.83	1.65	1.70	3.17	2.43	2.36	1.26
	M	M-0	0	0.47	19	235	4.5	1366	34.1	3.22	0.55	1.65	1.40	3.32	1.95	2.30	0.97
		M-25	25	0.49	19	210	4.9	1491	33.4	3.66	0.63	1.65	1.48	3.58	2.22	2.48	1.02
		M-50	50	0.50	19	230	4.3	1611	33.0	3.80	0.66	1.65	1.55	3.81	2.30	2.45	1.00
		M-75	75	0.52	19	245	4.6	1641	32.4	3.87	0.68	1.65	1.63	3.84	2.35	2.38	1.01
		M-100	100	0.53	19	240	4.6	1698	32.1	4.12	0.73	1.65	1.70	3.93	2.50	2.42	1.05
	H	H-0	0	0.35	19	165	4.8	1605	46.3	3.60	0.53	1.65	1.40	4.25	2.18	2.57	0.85
		H-25	25	0.36	19	175	4.8	1667	45.8	4.09	0.60	1.65	1.48	4.40	2.48	2.77	0.93
		H-50	50	0.38	19	210	5.1	1686	44.8	4.12	0.62	1.65	1.55	4.42	2.50	2.66	0.93
		H-75	75	0.39	19	215	4.8	1757	43.8	4.41	0.67	1.65	1.63	4.56	2.67	2.71	0.97
		H-100	100	0.41	19	225	5.0	1783	43.6	4.65	0.70	1.65	1.70	4.61	2.82	2.74	1.01
II	S0	S0-50	0	0.50	19	220	4.7	1312	24.8	2.72	0.55	1.65	1.40	2.87	1.65	1.94	0.95
		S0-45	0	0.45	19	225	4.0	1288	26.4	2.86	0.56	1.65	1.40	2.89	1.73	2.04	0.99
		S0-40	0	0.40	19	205	4.5	1309	30.3	2.91	0.53	1.65	1.40	3.07	1.76	2.08	0.95
		S0-35	0	0.35	19	165	4.6	1330	33.5	3.16	0.55	1.65	1.40	3.21	1.92	2.26	0.98
		S0-30	0	0.30	19	15	5.0	1394	34.1	3.31	0.57	1.65	1.40	3.38	2.01	2.36	0.98
	S50	S50-50	50	0.50	19	250	4.5	1571	34.5	3.66	0.62	1.65	1.55	3.79	2.22	2.36	0.97
		S50-45	50	0.45	19	250	5.0	1619	38.5	2.79	0.45	1.65	1.55	4.05	1.69	1.80	0.69
		S50-40	50	0.40	19	195	5.0	1706	42.9	4.23	0.65	1.65	1.55	4.41	2.56	2.73	0.96
		S50-35	50	0.35	19	180	4.9	1727	45.7	4.61	0.68	1.65	1.55	4.55	2.79	2.97	1.01
		S50-30	50	0.30	19	40	4.9	1736	49.8	4.64	0.66	1.65	1.55	4.69	2.81	2.99	0.99
III	S0-M	S0-M-19	0	0.50	19	240	4.1	1441	25.6	3.81	0.62	1.65	1.40	3.14	1.90	2.24	1.22
		S0-M-10	0	0.50	9.5	245	4.2	1486	24.3	3.03	0.52	1.65	1.40	2.42	1.54	1.81	1.25
		S0-M-5	0	0.50	4.75	250	4.5	1498	24.1	2.51	0.47	1.65	1.40	1.85	1.41	1.66	1.36
	S0-H	S0-H-19	0	0.25	19	120	4.1	1633	36.8	4.12	0.68	1.65	1.40	4.02	2.50	2.94	1.03
		S0-H-10	0	0.25	9.5	135	4.3	1645	35.1	3.21	0.62	1.65	1.40	3.05	2.22	2.61	1.05
		S0-H-5	0	0.25	4.75	145	4.4	1606	34.3	2.87	0.46	1.65	1.40	2.25	1.76	2.08	1.27
	S100-M	S100-M-19	100	0.55	19	245	4.0	1717	29.1	4.52	0.65	1.65	1.70	3.79	2.13	2.06	1.19
		S100-M-10	100	0.55	9.5	250	4.2	1703	26.2	3.49	0.52	1.65	1.70	2.77	1.62	1.57	1.26
		S100-M-5	100	0.55	4.75	250	4.2	1722	24.8	2.81	0.46	1.65	1.70	2.08	1.40	1.36	1.35
	S100-H	S100-H-19	100	0.32	19	140	4.1	1831	39.0	4.77	0.69	1.65	1.70	4.53	2.62	2.55	1.05
		S100-H-10	100	0.32	9.5	165	4.0	1809	36.2	3.68	0.60	1.65	1.70	3.34	2.20	2.14	1.10
		S100-H-5	100	0.32	4.75	185	4.4	1881	36.1	3.24	0.51	1.65	1.70	2.62	1.85	1.79	1.23

(1) Measured shear friction strength.
(2) Predictions by AASHTO [\( \tau_{n} = c + \mu (\rho_{vf} f_{y} + \sigma_{x} ) \le \hbox{min} (0.25f_{c}^{'} ,_{{}} T_{1} ) \),\( c = 1.65 \) MPa, \( \mu = 1.0 \), \( T_{1} = 6.89 \) MPa for LWAC].
(3) Predictions by Mattock [\( \tau_{n} = K_{1} + 0.8(\rho_{vf} f_{y} + \sigma_{x} ) \le \hbox{min} (0.2f_{c}^{'} ,_{{}} 8.3_{{}} \text{MPa}) \),\( K_{1} = 1.4 \) MPa for all-LWAC and 1.7 MPa for sand-LWAC]; and
(4) Predictions by the present model.

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