Table 1 Panel test parameters, Stevens (1987).

Panel specimen:

SE8

SE9

SE10

Loading type:

\(\sigma_{x} = 0\)

\(\sigma_{y} = 0\)

\(\tau_{xy}\! :Reversed Cyclic\)

\(\sigma_{x} = 0\)

\(\sigma_{y} = 0\)

\(\tau_{xy}\! :Reversed Cyclic\)

\(\sigma_{x} = - \left| {{{\tau_{xy} } \mathord{\left/ {\vphantom {{\tau_{xy} } 3}} \right. \kern-0pt} 3}} \right|\)

\(\sigma_{y} = - \left| {{{\tau_{xy} } \mathord{\left/ {\vphantom {{\tau_{xy} } 3}} \right. \kern-0pt} 3}} \right|\)

\(\tau_{xy}\! :Reversed Cyclic\)