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International Journal of Concrete Structures and Materials

Table 1 Acoustic properties of PZT, air, and concrete

From: Experimental Evaluation of Shape Memory Alloy Retrofitting Effect for Circular Concrete Column Using Ultrasonic Pulse Velocity

Material

Acoustic impedance (MRayl)

Reflection coefficient calculated using Eq. (3)

PZT to air

Air to concrete

PZT to concrete

PZT-4

36.15

− 0.999

–

− 0.52 to − 0.62

Air at 25 °C

0.00042

0.999

Concrete

8.36–11.3

–

  1. *A negative reflection coefficient represents the phase inversion of the wave
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