Table 1 Input data used for the multi-physics analysis
Property | Symbol | Value | Unit |
|---|---|---|---|
Mass density of concrete | \(\rho \) | 2400 | kg/m3 |
Young’s modulus of concrete | \({E}_{c}\) | 27,500 | MPa |
Compressive strength of concrete | \({f}_{c}^{^{\prime}}\) | 30.0 | MPa |
Tensile strength of concrete | \({f}_{t}^{^{\prime}}\) | 1.8 | MPa |
Poisson’s ratio of concrete | \(\nu \) | 0.18 | – |
Mode I fracture energy of concrete | GF | 0.15 | kN/m |
Yield strength of reinforcement | \({f}_{y}\) | 400 | MPa |
Young’s modulus of reinforcement | \({E}_{s}\) | 200,000 | MPa |
Young’s modulus of rock | \({E}_{r}\) | 50,000 | MPa |
Poisson’s ratio of rock | \(\nu \) | 0.25 | – |
Long-term volumetric AAR strain | \({\varepsilon }_{v\infty }\) | 0.006 | – |
Reference temperature | T0 | \(5\) | °\(C\) |
Latency time | \({\tau }_{l}\) | 95 | Years |
Characteristic time | \({\tau }_{c}\) | 13 | Years |
Activation energy for characteristic time | \({U}_{c}\) | 5400 | °\(K\) |
Activation energy for latency time | \({U}_{L}\) | 9400 | °\(K\) |
Compressive limiting stress for AAR | \({\sigma }_{u}\) | 10.0 | MPa |