The Effect of Superplasticizers on Eco-friendly Low-Energy One-Part Alkali-Activated Slag

Refaie, M.; Mohsen, Alaa; Nasr, El-Sayed A. R.; Kohail, Mohamed

doi:10.1186/s40069-023-00615-2

International Journal of Concrete Structures and Materials

Table 1 Literature summary of the impact of different superplasticizers on the properties of alkali-activated materials

From: The Effect of Superplasticizers on Eco-friendly Low-Energy One-Part Alkali-Activated Slag

Mixing technique	Aluminosilicate precursor	Alkaline activator		Superplasticizer-based	Effect of superplasticizer on the properties of AAMs		Applicable superplasticizer (recommended from previous studies)	References
Mixing technique	Aluminosilicate precursor	Type	Concentration	Superplasticizer-based	Workability	Strength		References
Two-part	Steel slag	NaOH + Na₂SiO₃ solution	Na₂O = 4%	Vinyl	Not affected	Decreased	None	Puertas et al., (2003)
	Steel slag	NaOH + Na₂SiO₃ solution	Na₂O = 4%	Polyacrylate	Not affected	Slightly decreased	None	Puertas et al., (2003)
	Steel slag	NaOH solution	Na₂O = 5%	Vinyl	Not affected	Slightly increased	Naphthalene	Palacios and Puertas (2005)
				Polycarboxylate	Not affected	No effect
				Melamine	Slightly increased	Slightly increased
				Naphthalene	Increased	Increased
	Steel slag	NaOH solution	3%	Polycarboxylate	Decreased	Not affected	None	Refaie et al., (2023)
	Steel slag	NaOH solution	3%	Naphthalene	Increased	Decreased	None	Refaie et al., (2023)
	Fly ash	NaOH solution	8 M	Naphthalene	Increased	Not affected	Naphthalene	Nematollahi and Sanjayan (2014)
		NaOH + Na₂SiO₃ solution	Na₂SiO₃/NaOH = 2.5	Polycarboxylate	Increased	Decreased	Polycarboxylate
				Melamine	Decreased	Decreased
				Naphthalene	Slightly increased	Decreased
	85% Fly ash + 15% Steel slag	Na₂SiO₃ solution	7%	Polycarboxylate	Slightly decreased	N/A	Naphthalene	Xiong and Guo (2022)
	85% Fly ash + 15% Steel slag	Na₂SiO₃ solution	7%	Naphthalene	Increased	N/A	Naphthalene	Xiong and Guo (2022)
Dry-mix one-part	50% steel slag + 50% Fly ash	Na₂SiO₃ powder	12%	Polycarboxylate	Increased	Slightly decreased	Naphthalene or polycarboxylate depending on the water/binder ratio	Alrefaei et al., (2019)
				Melamine	Increased	Slightly decreased
				Naphthalene	Increased	Slightly increased
	50% steel slag + 50% Fly ash	Ca(OH)₂ + Na₂SO₄ powder	Ca(OH)₂/Na₂SO₄ = 2.5	Polycarboxylate	Increased	Increased	Polycarboxylate	Alrefaei et al., (2020)
				Melamine	Increased	Increased
				Naphthalene	Increased	Increased

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