Table 1 Details of aggregate gradations used in previous studies

3–5, 5–10, 10–20, 15–30

NA (gravel, sand)

0.33–0.35

/

7.1–13.8

7.8–8.9^a

(Yang & Jiang, 2003)

0.075–4.75, 4.75–12.7

NA (natural sand), RA (waste concrete, bricks and tiles)

0.38, 0.46, 0.56, 0.67, 0.80

2.26–2.87

About 15.5–56.5

/

(Chen et al., 2003)

2.5–5.0, 5.0–3.0, 13.0–20.0

NA (crushed limestone)

0.225

/

5–40

15–30

(Chindaprasirt et al., 2009)

9.5–12.7, 4.8–9.5, 2.4–4.8

NA, RA (waste concrete)

0.35

3.90–7.23

About 5–13

11–27

(Cheng et al., 2011)

2–4, 4–8

NA (crushed basalt, river gravel)

0.30

/

5.05–61.1^b

17.9–26.7

(Agar-Ozbek et al., 2013)

4.75–9.0, 9.0–12.5, 12.5–16.0, 16.0–19.5

NA (crushed gravel)

0.34

4.75

9.6–26.2

0.40–1.26

(Maguesvari & Narasimha, 2013)

2.4–4.8, 4.8–6.4, 6.4–9.5, 9.5–12.7

NA (pebbles)

0.25–0.45

/

7.5–25.7

0.03–0.14^a

(Fu et al., 2014)

4.75–9.5, 9.5–12.5, 12.5–19.0

NA (crushed stone)

0.25–0.35

2.0–4.5^c

5.5–9.4

13.5–33.1

(Joshaghani et al., 2015)

0–4, 4–8, 8–16

NA (crushed dolomite stone), RA (steel slag)

0.33

5.8–6.8

20.2–69.5^b

14.2–22.2

(Ćosić et al., 2015)

1.2–4.8

NA (quartz)

0.22–0.55

2.5, 3.0, 3.5^c

8.8–65.8

17.02–32.75

(Zhong & Wille, 2016)

4.75–9.50

NA (limestone), RA (concrete block)

0.24

4.54

 ≤ 17

13–25

(Zaetang et al., 2016)

6.3–12.5

NA (granite stones)

0.35

3.3^c

9.5–23.5

16.5–22.0

(Elango & Revathi, 2017)

 ≤ 9.5

NA (crushed stone), RA (construction and demolition waste)

0.4

/

About 28–55

/

(Bui et al., 2017)

2–4, 4–8, 8–16

NA (gravel)

0.38, 0.4, 0.6

8^c

11.3–36.2

16.4–34.5

(Sun et al., 2018)

2.36–4.75, 4.75–6.0, 6.0–8.0, 8.0–9.5, 4.75–9.5, 10.0–12.5, 12.5–15.0, 10.0–15.0

NA (basalt)

0.31

4.51

19.9–32.0

20.5–21.3

(Yu et al., 2019a, 2019b)

2.36–5, 5–10

NA (Crushed granites), RA (waste concrete and glass)

0.29–0.45

4.47

About 19–32

about 23.5–27

(Lu et al., 2019)

2.36–4.75, 4.75–9.5, 9.5–13.2

From construction site

0.31

3.85–5.56

24.5–31.6

17.3–25.6

(Dai et al., 2020)

1.18–12.5, 4.75–6.7, 10.0–12.5, 12.5–19.0, 10–12.5 + Fine (5%), 10–12.5 + Fine (10%)

/

0.30–0.38

1.0–2.0

13.0–24.0

8–27

(Sahdeo et al., 2021a, 2021b)

4.75–26.5

RA (waste concrete and red bricks)

0.30

2.73, 3.24, 3.5, 4.0

About 3–10

14.2–15.2

(Cai et al., 2021)

12–18, 18–25

NA (gneiss rock)

0.30

2.5, 5.0

About 5–30

5.8–39.4

(Anburuvel & Subramaniam, 2022)